Publicación: Evaluación de metales nefrotóxicos en agua potable en municipios de Guatemala con la tasa más alta de enfermedad renal crónica
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Resumen
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition in which the kidneys are irreversibly damaged. It may result from both traditional and non-traditional causes. The latter has been associated with multiple contributing factors, including exposure to nephrotoxic metals. In Guatemala, regardless of its etiology, CKD exhibits high incidence and prevalence rates, highlighting the need to identify potential risk factors. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of the nephrotoxic metals lead, cadmium, and arsenic in drinking water, compare the measured levels, and determine compliance with the limits established by NTG COGUANOR 29001. The study involved the analysis of drinking water samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Two water samples were collected from each municipality and analyzed in triplicate. Sampling was conducted in nine municipalities located in the departments of Escuintla, Retalhuleu, and Suchitepéquez, which were selected based on data from the National Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Registry of Guatemala maintained by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MSPAS). Arsenic was detected in samples from Escuintla, Retalhuleu, and Suchitepéquez, while lead was detected in samples from Retalhuleu and Suchitepéquez. For both metals, the measured concentrations were below the maximum permissible limits established by NTG COGUANOR 29001 (arsenic = 3.52 ± 1.63 μg/L; lead = 0.87 ± 0.06 μg/L). This study is considered an initial exploratory investigation; therefore, further monitoring is recommended across the different climatic seasons of the country.
Resumen en inglés
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition in which the kidneys are irreversibly damaged. It may result from both traditional and non-traditional causes. The latter has been associated with multiple contributing factors, including exposure to nephrotoxic metals. In Guatemala, regardless of its etiology, CKD exhibits high incidence and prevalence rates, highlighting the need to identify potential risk factors. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of the nephrotoxic metals lead, cadmium, and arsenic in drinking water, compare the measured levels, and determine compliance with the limits established by NTG COGUANOR 29001. The study involved the analysis of drinking water samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Two water samples were collected from each municipality and analyzed in triplicate. Sampling was conducted in nine municipalities located in the departments of Escuintla, Retalhuleu, and Suchitepéquez, which were selected based on data from the National Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Registry of Guatemala maintained by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MSPAS). Arsenic was detected in samples from Escuintla, Retalhuleu, and Suchitepéquez, while lead was detected in samples from Retalhuleu and Suchitepéquez. For both metals, the measured concentrations were below the maximum permissible limits established by NTG COGUANOR 29001 (arsenic = 3.52 ± 1.63 μg/L; lead = 0.87 ± 0.06 μg/L). This study is considered an initial exploratory investigation; therefore, further monitoring is recommended across the different climatic seasons of the country.
