Publicación: Estudio biomecánico para el desarrollo de un sistema de soporte ergonómico en bipedestadores para parálisis cerebral
| dc.contributor.advisor | Viau Najarro, Andrés Rodrigo | |
| dc.contributor.author | Solano Rivera, María Celeste | |
| dc.contributor.jury | Barrera Noriega, Gustavo Adolfo | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-06-30T16:21:40Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description | Formato PDF digital — 105 páginas — incluye gráficos, tablas y referencias bibliográficas. | |
| dc.description.abstract | Los dispositivos de asistencia para la caminata disponibles para niños con parálisis cerebral presentan limitaciones considerables que comprometen su efectividad terapéutica, particularmente en la provisión de soporte integral para tronco y extremidades superiores. Este proyecto tuvo como objetivo adaptar un mecanismo de asistencia mediante el diseño de un sistema de soporte ergonómico que optimice la comodidad y seguridad postural del usuario. Se diseñó un sistema integral compuesto por estructura tubular de aluminio, chaleco torácico, respaldo trapezoidal, soporte lumbar, soportes para antebrazos, mesa desmontable y órtesis KAFO comerciales para extremidades inferiores. El diseño se fundamentó en análisis biomecánico de patrones de marcha y análisis de riesgos que identificó ocho riesgos con medidas de mitigación implementadas. La estructura alcanzó factor de seguridad de 5.5, superando el mínimo normativo de 1.5 establecido por UNE-EN ISO 21856:2023. Las pruebas clínicas con 8 usuarios durante 10 minutos evaluaron confort, seguridad y funcionalidad. El dispositivo obtuvo 4.8 puntos en función de soporte, 4.4 en seguridad, 4.3 en comodidad del sistema superior y 3.5 en confort general. Se identificaron deficiencias críticas: la sujeción unilateral de KAFO permite desplazamiento no deseado, el posicionamiento vertical causa presión excesiva en ingle para usuarios de menor estatura, y las pruebas estáticas limitaron la validación dinámica. Se concluye que el sistema superior cumple su función sin comprometer confort, pero el sistema de KAFO y soporte pélvico requieren rediseño. Se recomienda implementar sujeción bilateral, ajuste vertical y desarrollar posición cero antes de validación dinámica completa. | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Walking assistance devices available for children with cerebral palsy have significant limitations that compromise their therapeutic effectiveness, particularly regarding comprehensive support for the trunk and upper limbs. This project aimed to adapt an assistance mechanism by designing an ergonomic support system that optimizes user comfort and postural safety. A comprehensive system was designed, consisting of an aluminum tubular structure, a thoracic vest, a trapezoidal backrest, lumbar support, forearm supports, a detachable tray, and commercial KAFO (Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis) braces for the lower limbs. The design was based on a biomechanical analysis of gait patterns and a risk analysis that identified eight risks, for which mitigation measures were implemented. The structure achieved a safety factor of 5.5, exceeding the regulatory minimum of 1.5 established by UNE-EN ISO 21856:2023. Clinical tests involving eight users over a 10-minute period evaluated comfort, safety, and functionality. The device scored 4.8 points for support, 4.4 for safety, 4.3 for upper-system comfort, and 3.5 for overall comfort. Critical deficiencies were identified: unilateral KAFO attachment allows for unwanted displacement, vertical positioning causes excessive groin pressure for shorter users, and static testing limited dynamic validation. It is concluded that the upper system performs its function without compromising comfort, but the KAFO and pelvic support systems require redesign. Recommendations include implementing bilateral attachment and vertical adjustment capabilities, as well as developing a "zero position" setting prior to full dynamic validation. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Pregrado | |
| dc.description.degreename | Licenciado en Ingenieria Mecánica Industrial | |
| dc.format.extent | 105 p. | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.uvg.edu.gt/handle/123456789/6595 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad del Valle de Guatemala | |
| dc.publisher.branch | Campus Central | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ingeniería | |
| dc.publisher.place | Guatemala | |
| dc.publisher.program | Licenciatura en Ingenieria Mecánica Industrial | |
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| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) | |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Biomecánica | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Gait disorders | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Parálisis cerebral | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Dispositivos médicos | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Ergonomía -- Diseño | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Enfermedades en niños | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Trastornos psicomotores | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Trastornos del movimiento | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Cerebral palsy -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Human engineering -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Movement disorders -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Marchas -- Dispositivos de asistencia | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines | |
| dc.subject.ocde | 2. Ingeniería y Tecnología::2C. Ingeniería Mecánica | |
| dc.subject.ods | ODS 3: Salud y bienestar. Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos a todas las edades | |
| dc.subject.ods | ODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructura. Construir infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible y fomentar la innovación | |
| dc.title | Estudio biomecánico para el desarrollo de un sistema de soporte ergonómico en bipedestadores para parálisis cerebral | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Biomechanical study for the development of an ergonomic support system in standing frames for cerebral palsy | |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Pregrado | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | |
| dc.type.visibility | Public Thesis | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication |
