Publicación:
Estudio biomecánico para el desarrollo de un sistema de soporte ergonómico en bipedestadores para parálisis cerebral

dc.contributor.advisorViau Najarro, Andrés Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorSolano Rivera, María Celeste
dc.contributor.juryBarrera Noriega, Gustavo Adolfo
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-30T16:21:40Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionFormato PDF digital — 105 páginas — incluye gráficos, tablas y referencias bibliográficas.
dc.description.abstractLos dispositivos de asistencia para la caminata disponibles para niños con parálisis cerebral presentan limitaciones considerables que comprometen su efectividad terapéutica, particularmente en la provisión de soporte integral para tronco y extremidades superiores. Este proyecto tuvo como objetivo adaptar un mecanismo de asistencia mediante el diseño de un sistema de soporte ergonómico que optimice la comodidad y seguridad postural del usuario. Se diseñó un sistema integral compuesto por estructura tubular de aluminio, chaleco torácico, respaldo trapezoidal, soporte lumbar, soportes para antebrazos, mesa desmontable y órtesis KAFO comerciales para extremidades inferiores. El diseño se fundamentó en análisis biomecánico de patrones de marcha y análisis de riesgos que identificó ocho riesgos con medidas de mitigación implementadas. La estructura alcanzó factor de seguridad de 5.5, superando el mínimo normativo de 1.5 establecido por UNE-EN ISO 21856:2023. Las pruebas clínicas con 8 usuarios durante 10 minutos evaluaron confort, seguridad y funcionalidad. El dispositivo obtuvo 4.8 puntos en función de soporte, 4.4 en seguridad, 4.3 en comodidad del sistema superior y 3.5 en confort general. Se identificaron deficiencias críticas: la sujeción unilateral de KAFO permite desplazamiento no deseado, el posicionamiento vertical causa presión excesiva en ingle para usuarios de menor estatura, y las pruebas estáticas limitaron la validación dinámica. Se concluye que el sistema superior cumple su función sin comprometer confort, pero el sistema de KAFO y soporte pélvico requieren rediseño. Se recomienda implementar sujeción bilateral, ajuste vertical y desarrollar posición cero antes de validación dinámica completa.spa
dc.description.abstractWalking assistance devices available for children with cerebral palsy have significant limitations that compromise their therapeutic effectiveness, particularly regarding comprehensive support for the trunk and upper limbs. This project aimed to adapt an assistance mechanism by designing an ergonomic support system that optimizes user comfort and postural safety. A comprehensive system was designed, consisting of an aluminum tubular structure, a thoracic vest, a trapezoidal backrest, lumbar support, forearm supports, a detachable tray, and commercial KAFO (Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis) braces for the lower limbs. The design was based on a biomechanical analysis of gait patterns and a risk analysis that identified eight risks, for which mitigation measures were implemented. The structure achieved a safety factor of 5.5, exceeding the regulatory minimum of 1.5 established by UNE-EN ISO 21856:2023. Clinical tests involving eight users over a 10-minute period evaluated comfort, safety, and functionality. The device scored 4.8 points for support, 4.4 for safety, 4.3 for upper-system comfort, and 3.5 for overall comfort. Critical deficiencies were identified: unilateral KAFO attachment allows for unwanted displacement, vertical positioning causes excessive groin pressure for shorter users, and static testing limited dynamic validation. It is concluded that the upper system performs its function without compromising comfort, but the KAFO and pelvic support systems require redesign. Recommendations include implementing bilateral attachment and vertical adjustment capabilities, as well as developing a "zero position" setting prior to full dynamic validation.eng
dc.description.degreelevelPregrado
dc.description.degreenameLicenciado en Ingenieria Mecánica Industrial
dc.format.extent105 p.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uvg.edu.gt/handle/123456789/6595
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad del Valle de Guatemala
dc.publisher.branchCampus Central
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.placeGuatemala
dc.publisher.programLicenciatura en Ingenieria Mecánica Industrial
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.armarcBiomecánica
dc.subject.armarcGait disorders
dc.subject.armarcParálisis cerebral
dc.subject.armarcDispositivos médicos
dc.subject.armarcErgonomía -- Diseño
dc.subject.armarcEnfermedades en niños
dc.subject.armarcTrastornos psicomotores
dc.subject.armarcTrastornos del movimiento
dc.subject.armarcCerebral palsy -- Guatemala
dc.subject.armarcHuman engineering -- Guatemala
dc.subject.armarcMovement disorders -- Guatemala
dc.subject.armarcMarchas -- Dispositivos de asistencia
dc.subject.ddc620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines
dc.subject.ocde2. Ingeniería y Tecnología::2C. Ingeniería Mecánica
dc.subject.odsODS 3: Salud y bienestar. Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos a todas las edades
dc.subject.odsODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructura. Construir infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible y fomentar la innovación
dc.titleEstudio biomecánico para el desarrollo de un sistema de soporte ergonómico en bipedestadores para parálisis cerebralspa
dc.title.translatedBiomechanical study for the development of an ergonomic support system in standing frames for cerebral palsy
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.visibilityPublic Thesis
dspace.entity.typePublication

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