Diseño estructural de una alcantarilla tipo cajón prefabricada de concreto reforzado de 10´x10´ mediante normativas AASHTO LRFD 2018

Abstract

Las alcantarillas tipo cajón son estructuras esenciales para el manejo controlado del agua bajo infraestructura vial, conteniendo deslaves y previniendo inundaciones. Este trabajo se enfoca en el diseño estructural de una alcantarilla prefabricada de concreto reforzado de 10'x10' bajo las normativas AASHTO LRFD 2018. Se considerarán cargas de transporte y del suelo, permitiendo la parametrización para un diseño estructural adecuado que cumpla con las condiciones de sitio, terreno y tránsito vehicular. El diseño y análisis se basarán en los códigos AASHTO LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN, ACI 318-16 y el software SAP2000. Se presentarán informes, planos de datos, resultados de análisis, detalles de armaduras y medidas de materiales.

This study presents the structural design of a 10'x10' precast reinforced concrete box culvert based on the guidelines of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (2018). The objective was to ensure structural safety and serviceability under various load combinations and environmental conditions. The design process included the definition of relevant loads such as dead loads, soil pressures, hydrostatic forces, and vehicular live loads (HL-93), followed by structural modeling and analysis using SAP2000. Critical internal forces (moments and shears) were obtained and used for the flexural and shear design of the culvert walls, top slab, and bottom slab. Reinforcement detailing was carried out based on strength and serviceability requirements, including minimum and maximum reinforcement limits, crack control checks, and axial force considerations. A design spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel was also developed to serve as a practical tool for similar projects. The final design ensures compliance with the structural and durability requirements set forth by the AASHTO LRFD code and provides a replicable methodology for the design of precast concrete box culverts.