Desarrollo de un sistema de gestión de inventarios para optimizar el manejo y control de productos ortoprotésicos

Abstract

El presente trabajo de graduación propone el desarrollo e implementación de un sistema de gestión de inventarios (SGI) diseñado para optimizar el control y manejo de productos ortoprotésicos. Ante las ineficiencias detectadas en los métodos tradicionales de registro manual y hojas de cálculo, se llevó a cabo un diagnóstico integral del almacén, seguido de una redistribución física del espacio y la integración de tecnologías de identificación automática mediante códigos QR. El sistema digital desarrollado permite mejorar la trazabilidad, reducir errores en el registro de movimientos y optimizar la rotación de existencias, garantizando una mayor precisión en el control de inventario y una mejor experiencia operativa para los usuarios.

The company selected for this study, dedicated to the distribution of orthotic and prosthetic products, managed its inventory through manual records and spreadsheets, resulting in frequent discrepancies and limited traceability. The objective of this study was to develop and implement an inventory management system featuring automated QR code registration and a physical warehouse reorganization to optimize inventory control and management compared to the initial situation.

The methodology combined an assessment of the existing inventory system, requirements definition, ABC inventory analysis, warehouse layout redesign, development of a relational database (PostgreSQL), implementation of an operational interface (Retool), and an initial pilot test using high-turnover products.

The results showed an increase in inventory accuracy from 66.24% (previous system) to 94.29% by SKU and 94.15% by SKU-location. The total cost associated with inventory errors was reduced from Q179,701.87 (26.18%) to Q15,239.33 (2.42%). Compliance with the FIFO (First In, First Out) inventory management method was verified, and 100% of product dispatches during the study period were recorded using QR codes. In addition, system query response times achieved a 95th percentile (p95) of less than 2 seconds.

The warehouse redesign increased the usable transit area from 12.79 m² to 19.30 m², representing a 50.9% improvement. User satisfaction also improved in terms of ease of use, system performance, and overall perception.

It is concluded that the proposed system significantly improves inventory accuracy, traceability, and operational efficiency, fulfilling the project's main objective while establishing a solid foundation for future scalability.