Publicación:
Offshore balancing y la creación de capacidades en India : una estrategia de Estados Unidos para el balance de poder en Asia del Sur frente al ascenso de China

dc.contributor.advisorPadilla Vassaux, Luis Andrés
dc.contributor.authorDuff Amado, María Alejandra
dc.contributor.juryReyes, Gabriel
dc.contributor.juryLechuga, Diego
dc.contributor.juryCastellanos, María
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-12T18:55:55Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionFormato PDF digital — 248 páginas — incluye gráficos, tablas y referencias bibliográficas.
dc.description.abstractLa presente tesis analiza, desde una perspectiva neorrealista, la estrategia de offshore balancing como herramienta central de la U.S. Foreign Policy frente al ascenso de la República Popular de China en Asia del Sur. A través del fortalecimiento de capacidades en la República de la India, actor clave en la arquitectura regional del Indo-Pacífico, los Estados Unidos de América promueven una proyección indirecta de poder que les permite contrarrestar las aspiraciones hegemónicas chinas sin comprometer una presencia militar directa sostenida. El trabajo de graduación sostiene que la República de la India ha evolucionado hacia un offshore balancer, en la medida que internaliza capacidades estratégicas en materia de defensa, infraestructura y tecnología. Mediante un análisis comparativo entre el China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) y el India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), se evidencian las dinámicas de competencia estructural entre las coaliciones Pekín-Islamabad y Washington-Nueva Delhi, en función de controlar nodos geoestratégicos clave como el océano Índico y el mar Arábigo, para aumentar su proyección en Asia del Sur, Medio Oriente, el golfo Pérsico y Europa. Asimismo, se expone cómo la infraestructura económica es utilizada como mecanismo de proyección geopolítica, desplazando progresivamente la lógica tradicional de conflicto armado hacia la rivalidad por el control de rutas, recursos y esferas de influencia. En este escenario, la República Islámica de Pakistán emerge como un socio geoestratégico central para la República Popular de China. La República Islámica de Pakistán se presenta como el principal socio estratégico de la República Popular de China en Asia del Sur, articulando su alianza a través del China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), piedra angular del proyecto Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Este corredor ha permitido a Islamabad acceder a inversión en infraestructura, desarrollo portuario y asistencia energética,spa
dc.description.abstractThis thesis analyzes, from a neorealist perspective, the strategy of offshore balancing as a central tool of U.S. foreign policy in response to the rise of the People's Republic of China in South Asia. Through the strengthening of capacities in the Republic of India—an essential actor in the Indo-Pacific regional architecture—the United States promotes an indirect projection of power that allows it to counterbalance China’s hegemonic ambitions without committing to a sustained direct military presence. The thesis argues that India has evolved into an offshore balancer by internalizing strategic capabilities in defense, infrastructure, and technology. Through a comparative analysis of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), the study highlights the structural competition between the Beijing-Islamabad and Washington-New Delhi coalitions, both aiming to control key geostrategic nodes such as the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea to expand their influence in South Asia, the Middle East, the Persian Gulf, and Europe. Furthermore, the thesis demonstrates how economic infrastructure is used as a mechanism of geopolitical projection, progressively displacing traditional armed conflict in favor of a rivalry over trade routes, strategic resources, and spheres of influence. In this context, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan emerges as a central geostrategic partner for the People's Republic of China. Pakistan positions itself as China’s primary strategic ally in South Asia, consolidating the alliance through the CPEC, a cornerstone of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This corridor has enabled Islamabad to access infrastructure investment, port development, and energy assistance, thereby strengthening its role as a geopolitical pivot in the Indian Ocean and in access to the Persian Gulf. The thesis contends that the Sino-Pakistani alliance is not solely driven by economic objectives, but rather by a logic of strategic counterbalancing in response to India’s consolidation and increasing alignment with the West. Ultimately, the Sino-American rivalry transcends bilateral confrontation to become a structural dispute over the configuration of the international order, in which South Asia emerges as a key geostrategic axis of the 21st century.eng
dc.description.degreelevelPregrado
dc.description.degreenameLicenciado en Relaciones Internacionales
dc.format.extent248 p.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uvg.edu.gt/handle/123456789/6529
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad del Valle de Guatemala
dc.publisher.branchCampus Central
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Sociales
dc.publisher.placeGuatemala
dc.publisher.programLicenciatura en Relaciones Internacionales
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dc.relation.referencesSaudi Vision 2030. (2025). Saudi Green Initiative . Vision 2030. https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/en/explore/projects/saudi - green - initiative
dc.relation.referencesShah, R. (2021). Pakistan’s quest for balance in the context of the Indo - Pacific strategy. Australian Journal Of Maritime & Ocean Affairs , 14(1), 39 - 52. https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1925467
dc.relation.referencesShambaugh, D. ( 2008). China’s Competing Nationalisms . Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/chinas - competing - nationalisms/
dc.relation.referencesSingh, J. (2024). Debunking the Myth of Malaysia’s Economic Overdependence on China . The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2024/11/debunking - the - myth - of - malaysias - economic - overdependence - on - china/
dc.relation.referencesSingh, N. (20 20 ). China’s Policy of «String of Pearls». International Journal Of Social Impact , 5(3). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344045564_China%27s_Policy_of_
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.armarcHegemony -- China
dc.subject.armarcGeopolítica -- Asia
dc.subject.armarcNational security -- Pakistan
dc.subject.armarcPakistan -- Foreign relations – Security
dc.subject.armarcRelaciones internacionales -- Siglo XXI
dc.subject.armarcEstados Unidos -- Relaciones exteriores -- India
dc.subject.armarcIndia -- Relaciones exteriores -- Estados Unidos
dc.subject.ddc320 - Ciencia política (política y gobierno)::327 - Relaciones internacionales
dc.subject.ocde5. Ciencias Sociales::5F. Ciencias Políticas
dc.subject.odsODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructura. Construir infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible y fomentar la innovación
dc.subject.odsODS 16: Paz, justicia e instituciones sólidas. Promover sociedades pacíficas e inclusivas para el desarrollo sostenible, facilitar el acceso a la justicia para todos y construir a todos los niveles instituciones eficaces e inclusivas que rindan cuentas
dc.subject.odsODS 17: Alianzas para lograr los objetivos. Fortalecer los medios de implementación y revitalizar la Alianza Mundial para el Desarrollo Sostenible
dc.subject.proposalOffshore balancingspa
dc.subject.proposalU.S. Foreign Policyspa
dc.subject.proposalAsia del Surspa
dc.subject.proposalNeorrealismospa
dc.subject.proposalGeoeconomíaspa
dc.subject.proposalRepública de la Indiaspa
dc.subject.proposalRepública Popular de Chinaspa
dc.titleOffshore balancing y la creación de capacidades en India : una estrategia de Estados Unidos para el balance de poder en Asia del Sur frente al ascenso de Chinaspa
dc.title.translatedOffshore balancing and capacity building in India : a United States strategy for the balance of power in South Asia in response to China's rise
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.visibilityPublic Thesis
dspace.entity.typePublication

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