Publicación: Evaluación del potencial anticancerígeno de las fracciones bioactivas de Cantharellus cibarius y Pleurotus djamor en líneas celulares de neuroblastoma
| dc.contributor.advisor | Archila Díaz, Luis Diego | |
| dc.contributor.author | Fernández Grajeda, María Vanessa | |
| dc.contributor.jury | Rios-Gonzalez, Krisztina | |
| dc.contributor.jury | Castillo Arroyave, José León | |
| dc.contributor.jury | Archila Díaz, Luis Diego | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-07-14T17:10:42Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | |
| dc.description | Formato PDF digital — 135 páginas — incluye gráficos, tablas y referencias bibliográficas. | |
| dc.description.abstract | El neuroblastoma es una de las neoplasias malignas más frecuentes y con mayor mortalidad en la población pediátrica; sin embargo, los tratamientos actuales presentan limitaciones relacionadas con su costo, accesibilidad y efectos adversos, lo que resalta la necesidad de identificar alternativas terapéuticas complementarias. En este contexto, los hongos comestibles representan una fuente prometedora de metabolitos bioactivos con potencial farmacológico. Cantharellus cibarius y Pleurotus djamor, dos especies ampliamente comercializadas en Guatemala, han demostrado diversas actividades biológicas, aunque su potencial anticancerígeno y mecanismos de acción han sido poco explorados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la actividad citotóxica de fracciones acuosas, etanólicas y lipofílicas obtenidas de ambas especies en líneas celulares de neuroblastoma humano (SH-SY5Y y LAN-1), en comparación con una línea celular no tumoral (CHO). Para ello, se realizaron procesos de extracción asistida por ultrasonido, caracterización fitoquímica mediante pruebas colorimétricas cualitativas y cuantitativas, análisis químico por FTIR, ensayos de citotoxicidad mediante MTT y análisis de expresión génica de marcadores asociados a rutas de muerte celular por RT-qPCR. Los resultados demostraron que la extracción etanólica al 50% fue la más eficiente, evidenciándose la presencia de polifenoles y compuestos glicosilados con potencial citotóxico y proapoptótico. En particular, la fracción etanólica de P. djamor mostró el mayor efecto citotóxico, con mayor susceptibilidad en la línea celular SH-SY5Y, mientras que se observó baja citotoxicidad frente a la línea celular no tumoral. Asimismo, el análisis de expresión génica evidenció la activación de genes asociados a rutas apoptóticas y necroptóticas de manera dependiente de la fracción y la línea celular. En conjunto, estos resultados sugieren que C. cibarius y P. djamor constituyen fuentes potenciales de compuestos bioactivos con interés anticancerígeno, recomendándose la aplicación de técnicas de separación y caracterización química más avanzadas y estudios moleculares complementarios para profundizar en la identificación del principal componente bioactivo y su mecanismo de acción. | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Neuroblastoma is one of the most common and deadliest malignant neoplasms affecting the pediatric population. However, current treatment options present limitations related to cost, accessibility, and adverse effects, highlighting the need to identify complementary therapeutic alternatives. In this context, edible mushrooms represent a promising source of bioactive metabolites with potential pharmacological applications. Cantharellus cibarius and Pleurotus djamor, two species widely commercialized in Guatemala, have demonstrated various biological activities; however, their anticancer potential and mechanisms of action have been only minimally explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of aqueous, ethanolic, and lipophilic fractions obtained from both mushroom species in human neuroblastoma cell lines (SH-SY5Y and LAN-1), using a non-tumor cell line (CHO) for comparison. To accomplish this, ultrasound-assisted extraction procedures were performed, followed by phytochemical characterization using qualitative and quantitative colorimetric assays, chemical analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), cytotoxicity assays using the MTT method, and gene expression analysis of markers associated with cell death pathways by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results demonstrated that extraction with 50% ethanol was the most efficient, revealing the presence of polyphenols and glycosylated compounds with potential cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity. In particular, the ethanolic fraction of P. djamor exhibited the greatest cytotoxic effect, with the SH-SY5Y cell line showing the highest susceptibility, while low cytotoxicity was observed in the non-tumor CHO cell line. Furthermore, gene expression analysis demonstrated the activation of genes associated with apoptotic and necroptotic pathways in a manner dependent on both the extract fraction and the cell line. Overall, these findings suggest that C. cibarius and P. djamor are promising sources of bioactive compounds with anticancer potential. The application of more advanced separation and chemical characterization techniques, together with complementary molecular studies, is recommended to further identify the principal bioactive compound and elucidate its mechanism of action. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Pregrado | |
| dc.description.degreename | Licenciado en Bioquímica y Microbiología | |
| dc.format.extent | 135 p. | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.uvg.edu.gt/handle/123456789/6647 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad del Valle de Guatemala | |
| dc.publisher.branch | Campus Central | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias y Humanidades | |
| dc.publisher.place | Guatemala | |
| dc.publisher.program | Licenciatura en Bioquímica y Microbiología | |
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| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) | |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Apoptosis | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Mushrooms | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Neuroblastoma | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Química analítica | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Extractos de hongos | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Analytical chemistry | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Análisis químico de las plantas | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Compuestos bioactivos vegetales | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Bioactive Compounds -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica | |
| dc.subject.ods | ODS 3: Salud y bienestar. Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos a todas las edades | |
| dc.title | Evaluación del potencial anticancerígeno de las fracciones bioactivas de Cantharellus cibarius y Pleurotus djamor en líneas celulares de neuroblastoma | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Evaluation of the anticancer potential of the bioactive fractions of Cantharellus cibarius and Pleurotus djamor in neuroblastoma cell lines | |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Pregrado | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | |
| dc.type.visibility | Public Thesis | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication |
