Publicación:
Evaluación de la estabilidad de invertasa inmovilizada en polihidroxialcanoato (PHA) a través de ciclos de reacción enzimática a escala laboratorio

dc.contributor.advisorNúñez González, Luis Ernesto
dc.contributor.authorLavarreda Urizar, Luis Rodrigo
dc.contributor.juryZambrano Ruano, Gamaliel Giovanni
dc.contributor.juryLam Ceballos, José Andrés
dc.contributor.juryNúñez González, Luis Ernesto
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-12T16:28:16Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractLa invertasa es una enzima ampliamente utilizada en la elaboración de jarabe invertido en las industrias alimentaria y licorera. Por lo que, al no poder reutilizarlas, representan un mayor costo para las industrias. Este trabajo evalúa, a escala de laboratorio, la estabilidad de invertasa grado industrial inmovilizada por unión covalente multipunto sobre polihidroxialcanoato funcionalizado con glutaraldehído, a lo largo de múltiples ciclos de reacción. Primero, se establecieron las condiciones de operación a las que se llevarían a cabo la reacción (50 °C, pH 5 y 0.15 g/mL de sacarosa). Se determinó un rendimiento de inmovilización de 33.45 ± 3.17% m/m por balance másico. El análisis de parámetros cinéticos de enzima libre e inmovilizada demostró constantes cinéticas comparables Km=1.79 g*mL-1 y una leve disminución del número de recambio del 6.25% ppm*min-1, coherente con la rigidización por anclaje covalente siendo de 93.8% ppm*min-1. Por último, se monitoreó la retención de actividad dentro del ciclo y se comparó la actividad enzimática entre ciclos mostrando disminución en la actividad de 2.59 % ± 0.62 % ppm*min-1 por ciclo durante los primeros ocho ciclos y un incremento acelerado de pérdida desde el noveno ciclo de 4.7% a 8.5% ppm*min-1, alcanzando un 47.2% ppm*min-1 de enzima remanente en el décimo cuarto ciclo. Los resultados indican que el PHA funcionalizado permite la reutilización efectiva de la invertasa superior al reportado para técnicas de atrapamiento en alginato u otros soportes por adsorción. Los resultados indican que el PHA funcionalizado permite la reutilización efectiva de la invertasa, lo que podría traducirse en una disminución del consumo de enzima, dando como resultado la reducción de los costos operativos y el desarrollo de procesos de producción de jarabe invertido más sostenibles y competitivos para las industrias alimentaria y licorera. Se recomienda realizar pruebas reforzando la inmovilización mediante la reducción de los enlaces de anclaje imina a amina con cianoborohidruro de sodio y explorar otras matrices o técnicas para mejorar la estabilidad frente a cizallamiento, pH y temperatura.spa
dc.description.abstractInvertase is an enzyme widely used in the production of invert syrup in the food and alcoholic beverage industries. Because it cannot be readily reused, its use represents a significant cost for these industries. This study evaluated, at laboratory scale, the stability of industrial-grade invertase immobilized through multipoint covalent attachment onto glutaraldehyde-functionalized polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) over multiple reaction cycles. First, the operating conditions for the reaction were established at 50 °C, pH 5, and a sucrose concentration of 0.15 g/mL. An immobilization yield of 33.45 ± 3.17% (w/w) was determined by mass balance. The analysis of kinetic parameters for both free and immobilized enzyme showed comparable kinetic constants (Km = 1.79 g·mL⁻¹) and a slight decrease in turnover rate of 6.25%, consistent with the rigidification effect caused by covalent anchoring, resulting in a retained activity of 93.8%. Finally, activity retention was monitored throughout the reaction cycles, and enzymatic activity was compared between cycles. The results showed a decrease in activity of 2.59% ± 0.62% per cycle during the first eight cycles, followed by an accelerated loss beginning in the ninth cycle, ranging from 4.7% to 8.5% per cycle. By the fourteenth cycle, 47.2% of the initial enzymatic activity remained. The results indicate that functionalized PHA enables more effective invertase reuse than that reported for alginate entrapment techniques and other adsorption-based supports. Consequently, the use of functionalized PHA could reduce enzyme consumption, leading to lower operating costs and the development of more sustainable and competitive invert syrup production processes for the food and alcoholic beverage industries. Further studies are recommended to strengthen immobilization by reducing imine anchoring bonds to amine bonds using sodium cyanoborohydride and to explore alternative matrices or immobilization techniques to improve stability against shear stress, pH variations, and temperature changeseng
dc.description.degreelevelPregrado
dc.description.degreenameLicenciado en Ingeniería Química
dc.format.dimensionsFormato PDF digital — 102 páginas — incluye gráficos, tablas y referencias bibliográficas.
dc.format.extent102 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uvg.edu.gt/handle/123456789/6525
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad del Valle de Guatemala
dc.publisher.branchCampus Central
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.placeGuatemala
dc.publisher.programLicenciatura en Ingeniería Química
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dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química
dc.subject.ocde2. Ingeniería y Tecnología::2D. Ingeniería Química
dc.subject.odsODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructura. Construir infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible y fomentar la innovación
dc.subject.proposalEnzimas
dc.subject.proposalEnzymes
dc.subject.proposalInvertase
dc.subject.proposalEnzyme kinetics
dc.subject.proposalChemical kinetics
dc.titleEvaluación de la estabilidad de invertasa inmovilizada en polihidroxialcanoato (PHA) a través de ciclos de reacción enzimática a escala laboratoriospa
dc.title.translatedEvaluation of the stability of invertase immobilized in polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) through enzymatic reaction cycles at laboratory scale
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.visibilityPublic Thesis
dspace.entity.typePublication

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