Desarrollo de modelos 3D de montículos arqueológicos de Kaminaljuyú para su implementación en realidad aumentada

Abstract

El proyecto tuvo como propósito preservar digitalmente y divulgar el patrimonio cultural guatemalteco mediante el desarrollo de seis modelos tridimensionales del sitio arqueológico Kaminaljuyú. Este sitio, de gran relevancia histórica para el altiplano central de Guatemala, se encuentra en gran parte sepultado por la urbanización, lo que ha limitado su acceso, estudio y apreciación. Para atender esta problemática, se elaboraron seis modelos tridimensionales de montículos seleccionados con base en información arqueológica validada por especialistas. El proceso de modelado se realizó utilizando el software Blender 4.3.2, lo que permitió reconstruir digitalmente estructuras no visibles en la actualidad y optimizarlas para su integración en una aplicación de realidad aumentada con fines educativos y de difusión cultural.

The project aimed to digitally preserve and disseminate Guatemalan cultural heritage through the development of three-dimensional models of the archaeological site of Kaminaljuyú. This site, of great historical significance for the central highlands of Guatemala, is largely buried beneath urban development. This situation has hindered its access and study. To address this issue, six three-dimensional models of selected mounds were created based on archaeological information validated by specialists. The work made it possible to digitally reconstruct structures that are no longer visible today and to prepare these models for integration into an augmented reality application oriented toward education and cultural dissemination. Faithful three-dimensional representations were obtained. These incorporated textures and finishes that enhanced the understanding of the original appearance of the mounds. The final files were stored in compatible formats, ensuring their preservation and potential reuse in future research or dissemination projects. It was concluded that the digitalization of archaeological sites through three-dimensional modeling and its application in augmented reality environments constitutes an e!ective strategy for heritage conservation. Its continuation is suggested in other archaeological areas of the country.