Publicación:
Evaluación in vitro de la capacidad enzimática de Bacillus subtilis y Bacillus tropicus para solubilizar fosfatos en suelos de cultivo de caña de azúcar y diseño de una prueba de concepto de una metodología molecular para su detección rápida

dc.contributor.advisorLau-Bonilla, Dalia
dc.contributor.authorValdés Mancilla, Natalia
dc.contributor.juryGarcía Caffaro, Isabella
dc.contributor.jurySay Agosto, Andrés de Jesús
dc.contributor.juryLau-Bonilla, Dalia
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-14T18:58:28Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionFormato PDF digital — 110 páginas — incluye gráficos, tablas y referencias bibliográficas.
dc.description.abstractLa disponibilidad de fósforo en los suelos agrícolas es una limitante para la productividad de cultivos como la caña de azúcar, por lo que el uso de microorganismos con capacidad de solubilizar fosfatos representa una alternativa sostenible. Estos microorganismos, como parte de su metabolismo, secretan fosfatasas que hidrolizan moléculas fosfatadas orgánicas para liberar el fósforo inorgánico que las plantas necesitan. Sin embargo, actualmente existe una problemática y es que no existen métodos sencillos ni de bajo costo que permitan detectar y monitorear a los biofertilizantes tras su aplicación en los suelos de cultivo. En este estudio se centró en analizar el cambio en la actividad de las fosfatasas, in vitro, tras la inoculación con Bacillus subtilis y/o Bacillus tropicus. Los resultados evidenciaron una actividad enzimática inicial heterogénea entre las muestras, lo que sugiere que esta depende de factores como la microbiota nativa, la humedad, la disponibilidad de cofactores y las características de cada suelo. Se observó que B. subtilis presentó mayor eficacia en concentraciones de 10⁸–10¹⁰ UFC/mL, mientras que B. tropicus alcanzó sus mejores resultados en el rango de 10⁶–10⁸ UFC/mL. Entre las muestras analizadas, el suelo 1BP (baja productividad) mostró el mayor incremento en la actividad enzimática, evidenciando que la inoculación resulta particularmente beneficiosa en suelos con menor actividad microbiana basal. Adicionalmente, se desarrolló una prueba de concepto para la detección molecular de estas cepas mediante la inserción del gen reportero uidA, el cual codifica para la β-glucuronidasa. La selección del vector pBsacA, caracterizado por un alto número de copias y un promotor constitutivo fuerte, permitió garantizar una expresión eficiente del marcador. El diseño del constructo mediante ensamblaje de Gibson in silico favoreció a obtener una inserción precisa y en la correcta dirección del gen, confirmando la viabilidad del sistema propuesto. Finalmente, la validación experimental preliminar en E. coli DH5α confirmó la funcionalidad de la estrategia desarrollada. La amplificación eficiente del gen uidA, la correcta linealización del vector, el ensamblaje exitoso y la obtención de bacterias transformadas viables evidencian que el constructo recombinante es estable y funcional. En general, estos resultados demuestran el potencial de B. subtilis y B. tropicus como biofertilizantes y también establecen las bases para el desarrollo de metodologías sencillas que permitan su monitoreo en suelos agrícolas.spa
dc.description.abstractThe availability of phosphorus in agricultural soils is a limiting factor for the productivity of crops such as sugarcane. Therefore, the use of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms represents a sustainable alternative. As part of their metabolism, these microorganisms secrete phosphatases that hydrolyze organic phosphate compounds, releasing the inorganic phosphorus required for plant growth. However, a current challenge is the lack of simple and cost-effective methods for detecting and monitoring biofertilizers after their application to agricultural soils. This study focused on analyzing the in vitro changes in phosphatase activity following inoculation with Bacillus subtilis and/or Bacillus tropicus. The results revealed heterogeneous initial enzymatic activity among the soil samples, suggesting that phosphatase activity depends on factors such as native microbial communities, soil moisture, cofactor availability, and the intrinsic characteristics of each soil. It was observed that B. subtilis exhibited the greatest effectiveness at concentrations ranging from 10⁸ to 10¹⁰ CFU/mL, whereas B. tropicus achieved its best performance at concentrations between 10⁶ and 10⁸ CFU/mL. Among the analyzed samples, soil 1BP (low-productivity soil) showed the greatest increase in enzymatic activity, indicating that inoculation is particularly beneficial in soils with lower baseline microbial activity. Additionally, a proof of concept was developed for the molecular detection of these bacterial strains through the insertion of the uidA reporter gene, which encodes the enzyme β-glucuronidase. The selection of the pBsacA vector, characterized by its high copy number and strong constitutive promoter, ensured efficient expression of the reporter gene. The construct was designed in silico using Gibson Assembly, enabling precise insertion of the gene in the correct orientation and confirming the feasibility of the proposed system. Finally, preliminary experimental validation in Escherichia coli DH5α confirmed the functionality of the developed strategy. Efficient amplification of the uidA gene, successful vector linearization, successful Gibson assembly, and the recovery of viable transformed bacteria demonstrated that the recombinant construct is both stable and functional. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of B. subtilis and B. tropicus as biofertilizers while also establishing the foundation for the development of simple methodologies that enable their monitoring in agricultural soils.eng
dc.description.degreelevelPregrado
dc.description.degreenameLicenciado en Bioquímica y Microbiología
dc.format.extent110 p.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uvg.edu.gt/handle/123456789/6649
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad del Valle de Guatemala
dc.publisher.branchCampus Central
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias y Humanidades
dc.publisher.placeGuatemala
dc.publisher.programLicenciatura en Bioquímica y Microbiología
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dc.relation.referencesPawar, A. R., Patil, S. S., Patil, M. B., Mahadule, P. A., Gade, K. A., Arunachalam, T., Mahajan, V. B., Abd, D., Moneim, E., Iseki, K., & Kaushik, K. (2025). Effects of waterlogging on microbial activity, soil nutrient availability, nutrient uptake, and y ield of tolerant and sensitive onion genotypes. Frontiers in Plant Science , 16 , 1692450. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPLS.2025.1692450
dc.relation.referencesPei, B., Liu, T., Xue, Z., Cao, J., Zhang, Y., Yu, M., Liu, E., Xing, J., Wang, F., Ren, X., & Zhang, Z. (2025). Effects of Biofertilizer on Yield and Quality of Crops and Properties 84 of Soil Under Field Conditions in China: A Meta - Analysis. Agriculture (Switzerland) , 15 (10), 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRICULTURE15101066/S1
dc.relation.referencesPiotrowska - Długosz, A., & Wilczewski, E. (2013). Soil Phosphatase Activity and Phosphorus Content as Influenced by Catch Crops Cultivated as Green Manure. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies , 23 .
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dc.relation.referencesQuerejeta, G. A. (2023). Sterilize Methods Comparison for Soils: Cost, Time, and Efficiency. International Journal of Methodology , 2 (1), 34 – 40. https://doi.org/10.21467/IJM.2.1.6263
dc.relation.referencesRai, P. K., Rai, A., Sharma, N. K., Singh, T., & Kumar, Y. (2023). Limitations of biofertilizers and their revitalization through nanotechnology. Journal of Cleaner Production , 418 , 138194. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2023.138194
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.armarcEnzimas
dc.subject.armarcEnzymatic analysis
dc.subject.armarcAgricultura sostenible
dc.subject.armarcBiofertilizers -- Guatemala
dc.subject.armarcPhosphates -- Guatemala
dc.subject.armarcBacillus subtilis -- Guatemala
dc.subject.armarcSoil microbiology -- Guatemala
dc.subject.armarcSustainable agriculture -- Guatemala
dc.subject.armarcSuelos -- Microbiología -- Guatemala
dc.subject.armarcBiofertilizantes -- Análisis microbiológico -- Guatemala
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::631 - Técnicas específicas, aparatos, equipos, materiales
dc.subject.ocde1. Ciencias Naturales::1D. Ciencias químicas
dc.subject.odsODS 2: Hambre cero. Poner fin al hambre, lograr la seguridad alimentaria y la mejora de la nutrición y promover la agricultura sostenible
dc.subject.odsODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructura. Construir infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible y fomentar la innovación
dc.subject.proposalGen UidAspa
dc.subject.proposalBiofertilizantespa
dc.subject.proposalMicobiota del suelospa
dc.subject.proposalEnsamblaje de Gibsonspa
dc.subject.proposalSolubilización de fosfatospa
dc.subject.proposalActividad de fosfatasasspa
dc.titleEvaluación in vitro de la capacidad enzimática de Bacillus subtilis y Bacillus tropicus para solubilizar fosfatos en suelos de cultivo de caña de azúcar y diseño de una prueba de concepto de una metodología molecular para su detección rápidaspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.visibilityPublic Thesis
dspace.entity.typePublication

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