Publicación: Evaluación in vitro de la capacidad enzimática de Bacillus subtilis y Bacillus tropicus para solubilizar fosfatos en suelos de cultivo de caña de azúcar y diseño de una prueba de concepto de una metodología molecular para su detección rápida
| dc.contributor.advisor | Lau-Bonilla, Dalia | |
| dc.contributor.author | Valdés Mancilla, Natalia | |
| dc.contributor.jury | García Caffaro, Isabella | |
| dc.contributor.jury | Say Agosto, Andrés de Jesús | |
| dc.contributor.jury | Lau-Bonilla, Dalia | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-07-14T18:58:28Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description | Formato PDF digital — 110 páginas — incluye gráficos, tablas y referencias bibliográficas. | |
| dc.description.abstract | La disponibilidad de fósforo en los suelos agrícolas es una limitante para la productividad de cultivos como la caña de azúcar, por lo que el uso de microorganismos con capacidad de solubilizar fosfatos representa una alternativa sostenible. Estos microorganismos, como parte de su metabolismo, secretan fosfatasas que hidrolizan moléculas fosfatadas orgánicas para liberar el fósforo inorgánico que las plantas necesitan. Sin embargo, actualmente existe una problemática y es que no existen métodos sencillos ni de bajo costo que permitan detectar y monitorear a los biofertilizantes tras su aplicación en los suelos de cultivo. En este estudio se centró en analizar el cambio en la actividad de las fosfatasas, in vitro, tras la inoculación con Bacillus subtilis y/o Bacillus tropicus. Los resultados evidenciaron una actividad enzimática inicial heterogénea entre las muestras, lo que sugiere que esta depende de factores como la microbiota nativa, la humedad, la disponibilidad de cofactores y las características de cada suelo. Se observó que B. subtilis presentó mayor eficacia en concentraciones de 10⁸–10¹⁰ UFC/mL, mientras que B. tropicus alcanzó sus mejores resultados en el rango de 10⁶–10⁸ UFC/mL. Entre las muestras analizadas, el suelo 1BP (baja productividad) mostró el mayor incremento en la actividad enzimática, evidenciando que la inoculación resulta particularmente beneficiosa en suelos con menor actividad microbiana basal. Adicionalmente, se desarrolló una prueba de concepto para la detección molecular de estas cepas mediante la inserción del gen reportero uidA, el cual codifica para la β-glucuronidasa. La selección del vector pBsacA, caracterizado por un alto número de copias y un promotor constitutivo fuerte, permitió garantizar una expresión eficiente del marcador. El diseño del constructo mediante ensamblaje de Gibson in silico favoreció a obtener una inserción precisa y en la correcta dirección del gen, confirmando la viabilidad del sistema propuesto. Finalmente, la validación experimental preliminar en E. coli DH5α confirmó la funcionalidad de la estrategia desarrollada. La amplificación eficiente del gen uidA, la correcta linealización del vector, el ensamblaje exitoso y la obtención de bacterias transformadas viables evidencian que el constructo recombinante es estable y funcional. En general, estos resultados demuestran el potencial de B. subtilis y B. tropicus como biofertilizantes y también establecen las bases para el desarrollo de metodologías sencillas que permitan su monitoreo en suelos agrícolas. | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | The availability of phosphorus in agricultural soils is a limiting factor for the productivity of crops such as sugarcane. Therefore, the use of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms represents a sustainable alternative. As part of their metabolism, these microorganisms secrete phosphatases that hydrolyze organic phosphate compounds, releasing the inorganic phosphorus required for plant growth. However, a current challenge is the lack of simple and cost-effective methods for detecting and monitoring biofertilizers after their application to agricultural soils. This study focused on analyzing the in vitro changes in phosphatase activity following inoculation with Bacillus subtilis and/or Bacillus tropicus. The results revealed heterogeneous initial enzymatic activity among the soil samples, suggesting that phosphatase activity depends on factors such as native microbial communities, soil moisture, cofactor availability, and the intrinsic characteristics of each soil. It was observed that B. subtilis exhibited the greatest effectiveness at concentrations ranging from 10⁸ to 10¹⁰ CFU/mL, whereas B. tropicus achieved its best performance at concentrations between 10⁶ and 10⁸ CFU/mL. Among the analyzed samples, soil 1BP (low-productivity soil) showed the greatest increase in enzymatic activity, indicating that inoculation is particularly beneficial in soils with lower baseline microbial activity. Additionally, a proof of concept was developed for the molecular detection of these bacterial strains through the insertion of the uidA reporter gene, which encodes the enzyme β-glucuronidase. The selection of the pBsacA vector, characterized by its high copy number and strong constitutive promoter, ensured efficient expression of the reporter gene. The construct was designed in silico using Gibson Assembly, enabling precise insertion of the gene in the correct orientation and confirming the feasibility of the proposed system. Finally, preliminary experimental validation in Escherichia coli DH5α confirmed the functionality of the developed strategy. Efficient amplification of the uidA gene, successful vector linearization, successful Gibson assembly, and the recovery of viable transformed bacteria demonstrated that the recombinant construct is both stable and functional. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of B. subtilis and B. tropicus as biofertilizers while also establishing the foundation for the development of simple methodologies that enable their monitoring in agricultural soils. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Pregrado | |
| dc.description.degreename | Licenciado en Bioquímica y Microbiología | |
| dc.format.extent | 110 p. | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.uvg.edu.gt/handle/123456789/6649 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad del Valle de Guatemala | |
| dc.publisher.branch | Campus Central | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias y Humanidades | |
| dc.publisher.place | Guatemala | |
| dc.publisher.program | Licenciatura en Bioquímica y Microbiología | |
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| dc.relation.references | Nadeem, M., Wu, J., Ghaffari, H., Kedir, A. J., Saleem, S., Mollier, A., Singh, J., & Cheema, M. (2022). Understanding the Adaptive Mechanisms of Plants to Enhance Phosphorus Use Efficiency on Podzolic Soils in Boreal Agroecosystems. Frontiers in Plant Science , 13 , 804058. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPLS.2022.804058/PDF | |
| dc.relation.references | Olszakier, S., & Berlin, S. (2022). A simplified Gibson assembly method for site directed mutagenesis by re - use of standard, and entirely complementary, mutagenesis primers. BMC Biotechnology , 22 (1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12896 - 022 - 00740 - Y | |
| dc.relation.references | Pan, L., & Cai, B. (2023). Phosphate - Solubilizing Bacteria: Advances in Their Physiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Microbial Community Effects. Microorganisms , 11 (12), 2904. https://doi.org/10.3390/MICROORGANISMS11122904 | |
| dc.relation.references | Pawar, A. R., Patil, S. S., Patil, M. B., Mahadule, P. A., Gade, K. A., Arunachalam, T., Mahajan, V. B., Abd, D., Moneim, E., Iseki, K., & Kaushik, K. (2025). Effects of waterlogging on microbial activity, soil nutrient availability, nutrient uptake, and y ield of tolerant and sensitive onion genotypes. Frontiers in Plant Science , 16 , 1692450. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPLS.2025.1692450 | |
| dc.relation.references | Pei, B., Liu, T., Xue, Z., Cao, J., Zhang, Y., Yu, M., Liu, E., Xing, J., Wang, F., Ren, X., & Zhang, Z. (2025). Effects of Biofertilizer on Yield and Quality of Crops and Properties 84 of Soil Under Field Conditions in China: A Meta - Analysis. Agriculture (Switzerland) , 15 (10), 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRICULTURE15101066/S1 | |
| dc.relation.references | Piotrowska - Długosz, A., & Wilczewski, E. (2013). Soil Phosphatase Activity and Phosphorus Content as Influenced by Catch Crops Cultivated as Green Manure. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies , 23 . | |
| dc.relation.references | Powers, S., Mirsky, E., Bandaranayake, A., Thavarajah, P., Shipe, E., Bridges, W., & Thavarajah, D. (2020). Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) shows genetic variation in phosphorus use efficiency in different P environments. Scientific Reports 2020 10:1 , 10 (1), 18940 - . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598 - 020 - 75804 - 0 | |
| dc.relation.references | Querejeta, G. A. (2023). Sterilize Methods Comparison for Soils: Cost, Time, and Efficiency. International Journal of Methodology , 2 (1), 34 – 40. https://doi.org/10.21467/IJM.2.1.6263 | |
| dc.relation.references | Rai, P. K., Rai, A., Sharma, N. K., Singh, T., & Kumar, Y. (2023). Limitations of biofertilizers and their revitalization through nanotechnology. Journal of Cleaner Production , 418 , 138194. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2023.138194 | |
| dc.relation.references | Raimi, A., Roopnarain, A., Chirima, G. J., & Adeleke, R. (2020). Insights into the microbial composition and potential efficiency of selected commercial biofertilisers. Heliyon , 6 (7). https://doi.org | |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) | |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Enzimas | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Enzymatic analysis | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Agricultura sostenible | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Biofertilizers -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Phosphates -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Bacillus subtilis -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Soil microbiology -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Sustainable agriculture -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Suelos -- Microbiología -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Biofertilizantes -- Análisis microbiológico -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::631 - Técnicas específicas, aparatos, equipos, materiales | |
| dc.subject.ocde | 1. Ciencias Naturales::1D. Ciencias químicas | |
| dc.subject.ods | ODS 2: Hambre cero. Poner fin al hambre, lograr la seguridad alimentaria y la mejora de la nutrición y promover la agricultura sostenible | |
| dc.subject.ods | ODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructura. Construir infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible y fomentar la innovación | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Gen UidA | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Biofertilizante | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Micobiota del suelo | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Ensamblaje de Gibson | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Solubilización de fosfato | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Actividad de fosfatasas | spa |
| dc.title | Evaluación in vitro de la capacidad enzimática de Bacillus subtilis y Bacillus tropicus para solubilizar fosfatos en suelos de cultivo de caña de azúcar y diseño de una prueba de concepto de una metodología molecular para su detección rápida | spa |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Pregrado | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | |
| dc.type.visibility | Public Thesis | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication |
