Publicación: Evaluación de la calidad microbiológica de productos cosméticos en presentación de crema facial comercializados en el mercado formal e informal de la Ciudad de Guatemala
| dc.contributor.advisor | Contreras, Christa | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Klee Peña, Liza | |
| dc.contributor.author | González Ramírez, Sofía Alejandra | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-05-21T21:59:36Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description | Formato PDF digital — 80 páginas — incluye gráficos, tablas y referencias bibliográficas. | |
| dc.description.abstract | Las cremas faciales humectantes, por su alto contenido de agua y nutrientes, pueden favorecer el crecimiento microbiano si no se elaboran bajo condiciones adecuadas de calidad. En Guatemala, la venta de productos sin registro sanitario es frecuente, lo que incrementa el riesgo de incumplimiento con los parámetros microbiológicos establecidos en la normativa vigente. El presente estudio evaluó la calidad microbiológica de cremas faciales con y sin registro sanitario comercializadas en el mercado formal e informal de la Ciudad de Guatemala, conforme al RTCA 71.03.45:07. Se analizaron cuatro formulaciones comerciales, correspondientes a dos productos con registro sanitario y dos sin registro, incluyendo emulsiones de tipo aceite en agua (O/W) y agua en aceite (W/O). Las muestras fueron evaluadas al momento de apertura (T₀) y después de siete días de almacenamiento controlado (T₇), aplicando pruebas de recuento de microorganismos mesófilos aerobios, mohos y levaduras, así como la identificación de Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Los resultados mostraron que las cremas con registro sanitario cumplieron con los límites microbiológicos y mantuvieron su estabilidad tras el almacenamiento, mientras que las muestras sin registro presentaron mayores recuentos microbianos para el grupo de mohos y levaduras, sin superar el límite permitido para mesófilos. No se detectó la presencia de microorganismos específicos en ninguna de las muestras analizadas. Las emulsiones O/W mostraron mayor susceptibilidad al crecimiento microbiano en comparación con las W/O, lo que se relaciona con la disponibilidad de agua en la fase continua. Las diferencias observadas entre las cremas con y sin registro sanitario resaltan la importancia de los controles de calidad aplicados por los fabricantes regulados y la necesidad de reforzar la vigilancia microbiológica en el mercado informal. Se recomienda que futuras investigaciones amplíen el número de muestras y lotes analizados para obtener resultados más representativos y fortalecer la evidencia sobre la calidad microbiológica de los productos cosméticos comercializados en Guatemala. | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Moisturizing facial creams, due to their high water and nutrient content, may promote microbial growth if they are not manufactured under appropriate quality conditions. In Guatemala, the sale of products without sanitary registration is common, which increases the risk of non-compliance with the microbiological parameters established in current regulations. This study evaluated the microbiological quality of facial creams with and without sanitary registration marketed in the formal and informal sectors of Guatemala City, in accordance with RTCA 71.03.45:07. Four commercial formulations were analyzed, corresponding to two products with sanitary registration and two without registration, including oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. The samples were evaluated at the time of opening (T₀) and after seven days of controlled storage (T₇), applying tests for aerobic mesophilic microorganism counts, molds and yeasts, as well as identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that creams with sanitary registration complied with microbiological limits and maintained their stability after storage, whereas samples without registration presented higher microbial counts for molds and yeasts, although they did not exceed the permitted limit for mesophilic microorganisms. No presence of the specific microorganisms tested was detected in any of the analyzed samples. O/W emulsions showed greater susceptibility to microbial growth compared to W/O emulsions, which is associated with the availability of water in the continuous phase. The differences observed between creams with and without sanitary registration highlight the importance of quality controls applied by regulated manufacturers and the need to strengthen microbiological surveillance in the informal market. It is recommended that future research expand the number of samples and batches analyzed in order to obtain more representative results and strengthen the evidence regarding the microbiological quality of cosmetic products marketed in Guatemala. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Pregrado | |
| dc.description.degreename | Licenciado en Química Farmacéutica | |
| dc.format.extent | 80 p. | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.uvg.edu.gt/handle/123456789/6465 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad del Valle de Guatemala | |
| dc.publisher.branch | Campus Central | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias y Humanidades | |
| dc.publisher.place | Guatemala | |
| dc.publisher.program | Licenciatura en Química Farmacéutica | |
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| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) | |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Cosméticos -- Control de calidad | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Microbial contamination -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Microbiology -- Research -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Artículos de tocador -- Composición | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Artículos de tocador -- Industria y comercio | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Cosmetics industry -- Quality control -- Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 660 - Ingeniería química::668 - Tecnología de otros productos orgánicos | |
| dc.subject.ocde | 1. Ciencias Naturales::1D. Ciencias químicas | |
| dc.subject.ods | ODS 3: Salud y bienestar. Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos a todas las edades | |
| dc.subject.ods | ODS 12: Producción y consumo responsables. Garantizar modalidades de consumo y producción sostenibles | |
| dc.title | Evaluación de la calidad microbiológica de productos cosméticos en presentación de crema facial comercializados en el mercado formal e informal de la Ciudad de Guatemala | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Evaluation of the microbiological quality of facial cream cosmetic products marketed in the formal and informal sectors of Guatemala City | |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Pregrado | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | |
| dc.type.visibility | Public Thesis | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication |
