Aplicación de técnicas de diseño pasivo para optimización de habitabilidad y confort de los usuarios en edificaciones verticales existentes

Abstract

El presente trabajo de investigación se enfoca en la aplicación de técnicas de diseño pasivo para optimizar la habitabilidad y el confort de los usuarios en edificaciones verticales existentes. Se analizan aspectos como el clima de Guatemala, conceptos técnicos de confort térmico y visual, y la arquitectura pasiva. Se evalúan herramientas computacionales como software BIM y simuladores, así como normativas aplicables como ASHRAE y LEED. La metodología incluye análisis de sitio, materiales, modelado BIM, identificación de mejoras mediante simulaciones, integración de estrategias pasivas y documentación de resultados.

The present graduation project aims to implement passive design strategies in an existing vertical housing building, maintaining the same number of apartments in order to respect the square meterage outlined in the original design. The goal is to propose ways to make existing service consumption more efficient by incorporating saving devices and appliances that are comparable in cost to those originally planned. Likewise, the project’s objective includes modifying the building’s active systems with alternatives that are efficient in their functions and reduce the monetary costs they represent. The project will take place in Guatemala City, and simulations will be carried out to determine various aspects of habitability, serving as a starting point for an appropriate and versatile design suitable for all seasons and the different climatic conditions they entail. The simulations the building will undergo include: sun path analysis, airflow behavior on the site, solar exposure on the different façades of the building, thermal loads in the various apartment typologies and spaces based on their orientation, potential for natural lighting through openings, among others. These simulations will be performed on two models of the building: one representing the original design, and the other representing the version developed for this graduation project, incorporating passive design strategies and energy-saving devices and appliances. The results will be compared to determine the comfort and habitability conditions of each model. Subsequently, a financial analysis will be carried out to determine the execution cost of the proposed changes and the potential savings reflected in utility services.