Publicación: Diseño y simulación de un sistema de pruebas de impactos a la cabeza en ambientes industriales para protección ocupacional
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Resumen en español
Los accidentes por resbalones y caídas en entornos industriales representan una de las principales causas de traumatismos craneoencefálicos en trabajadores. En el esquema mundial, la ausencia de protocolos de prueba que reproduzcan de forma realista los escenarios de impacto limita la capacidad de las empresas para evaluar la eficacia de los cascos de seguridad. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un modelo físico que simulará los impactos a la cabeza en caídas industriales.
Resumen
Slip and fall accidents in industrial environments are one of the leading causes of traumatic brain injuries among workers, significantly affecting safety and productivity. This work presents the development of a physical and computational model to simulate head impacts under conditions representative of industrial accidents, aiming to improve the evaluation of protective helmets. A modular testing system was designed, integrating an inverted pendulum, a biofidelic neck, an instrumented headform, and a set of interchangeable anvils to reproduce different impact scenarios. The model allows the quantification of relevant parameters such as linear and angular accelerations, impact energy, and biomechanical injury criteria. The results demonstrate that the system can replicate realistic impact conditions, reaching energy levels close to 65 J while maintaining structural safety factors greater than 5 in all components. Additionally, the design proved to be economically feasible, with a total cost of Q11,282.09, remaining within the defined constraints. It is concluded that the developed system constitutes an effective tool for assessing head impact risks in industrial environments, supporting improvements in the design and validation of safety helmets. Its use is recommended as a basis for more representative testing protocols and future adaptation to additional impact scenarios.
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