Publicación: Polimedicación en pacientes de la tercera edad con hipertensión y comorbilidades para la optimización de su tratamiento y la mejora de la calidad de vida
| dc.contributor.advisor | Moreno Sánchez, María Purificación | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Vargas Tenaz, María Fernanda | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | López García, Élfego Rolando | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ruano Soto, Ana Isabel | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-04-23T14:53:48Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description | Formato PDF digital — 139 páginas — incluye gráficos, tablas y referencias bibliográficas. | |
| dc.description.abstract | La polimedicación en adultos mayores con hipertensión y comorbilidades constituye un problema clínico y social de gran relevancia, asociado con un incremento de los riesgos de interacciones entre medicamentos, efectos adversos y disminución de la adherencia terapéutica. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo elaborar una guía práctica contextualizada para Guatemala que promoviera la reducción racional de la polimedicación sin comprometer la seguridad ni la eficacia del tratamiento. Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada en bases de datos científicas (PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar y Dialnet) y una aplicación piloto del cuestionario adaptado del Revised Patients´ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) a 15 pacientes guatemaltecos, geriátricos polimedicados que residen en zonas urbanas de la Ciudad de Guatemala y con educación media o alta. La revisión permitió identificar veintiséis artículos que agrupan las estrategias más efectivas en cuatro enfoques complementarios: revisiones farmacoterapéuticas estructuradas, protocolos escalonados de retiro gradual, uso de criterios explícitos y herramientas digitales, y la toma de decisiones compartida entre médico, paciente y familia. Los resultados del cuestionario mostraron una actitud favorable hacia la desprescripción, baja resistencia emocional y alta confianza en los profesionales de salud, aunque con autopercepción de conocimiento posiblemente sobrestimada. El análisis de Spearman evidenció una correlación positiva entre la actitud hacia la desprescripción y la resistencia emocional. A partir de la integración de la evidencia científica y los resultados locales, se elaboró una guía práctica adaptada al contexto guatemalteco que promueve la revisión periódica de tratamientos, la educación farmacoterapéutica y la colaboración interdisciplinaria. Se recomienda validar la guía mediante su aplicación piloto en instituciones públicas y privadas, así como fomentar la formación de equipos interprofesionales capacitados en evaluación, seguimiento y comunicación efectiva con el paciente, promoviendo una atención farmacoterapéutica centrada en la persona y basada en evidencia científica. | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Polypharmacy in older adults with hypertension and comorbidities constitutes a highly relevant clinical and social issue, associated with an increased risk of drug interactions, adverse effects, and reduced therapeutic adherence. The objective of this study was to develop a practical, context-specific guide for Guatemala that promotes the rational reduction of polypharmacy without compromising treatment safety or efficacy. A systematized literature review was conducted using scientific databases (PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, and Dialnet), along with a pilot application of the adapted Revised Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire to 15 polypharmacy geriatric patients residing in urban areas of Guatemala City with medium to high educational levels. The literature review identified twenty-six articles that grouped the most effective strategies into four complementary approaches: structured pharmacotherapy reviews, stepwise deprescribing protocols, the use of explicit criteria and digital tools, and shared decision-making among physicians, patients, and families. The questionnaire results showed a favorable attitude toward deprescribing, low emotional resistance, and high trust in healthcare professionals, although with a possibly overestimated self-perception of knowledge. Spearman’s analysis revealed a positive correlation between attitudes toward deprescribing and emotional resistance. Based on the integration of scientific evidence and local findings, a practical guide adapted to the Guatemalan context was developed, promoting periodic treatment review, pharmacotherapeutic education, and interdisciplinary collaboration. It is recommended to validate this guide through pilot implementation in public and private institutions, as well as to encourage the formation of interprofessional teams trained in evaluation, follow-up, and effective patient communication, promoting person-centered, evidence-based pharmacotherapeutic care. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Pregrado | |
| dc.description.degreename | Licenciado en Química Farmacéutica | |
| dc.format.extent | 139 páginas | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.uvg.edu.gt/handle/123456789/6376 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad del Valle de Guatemala | |
| dc.publisher.branch | Campus Central | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias y Humanidades | |
| dc.publisher.place | Guatemala | |
| dc.publisher.program | Licenciatura en Química Farmacéutica | |
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| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) | |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Adulto mayor | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Hipertensión arterial | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Polypharmacy – Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Older people – Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Hypertension – Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.armarc | Pharmacovigilance – Guatemala | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica | |
| dc.subject.ocde | 2. Ingeniería y Tecnología::2K. Otras Ingenierías y Tecnologías | |
| dc.subject.ods | ODS 3: Salud y bienestar. Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos a todas las edades | |
| dc.title | Polimedicación en pacientes de la tercera edad con hipertensión y comorbilidades para la optimización de su tratamiento y la mejora de la calidad de vida | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Polypharmacy in elderly patients with hypertension and comorbidities for treatment optimization and improved quality of life | |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Pregrado | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | |
| dc.type.visibility | Public Thesis | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication |
